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Explainers & free PDFs

One-page visual guides to the things every founder asks about. Read them here or download the PDF to share with your co-founders.

DStartup World

Pvt Ltd vs LLP vs OPC vs Proprietorship

The four common structures compared on liability, funding, compliance and tax, on one page.

Pvt LtdLLPOPCProprietorship
Owners2–200 shareholders2+ partners1 person + nominee1 person
LiabilityLimitedLimitedLimitedUnlimited
Equity funding / ESOPsYes, preferred by investorsDifficultMust convert firstNo
Annual complianceHigherModerateModerateLowest
Separate legal entityYesYesYesNo
Best forStartups planning to raiseProfessional & service firmsSolo foundersSmall, early trials
Free resource by D Startup Team · www.dstartupteam.inGeneral guidance only. Check current law before acting.
DStartup World

How a company is incorporated

Every step from digital signature to bank account, in order.

  1. 1
    Digital signature (DSC)For every proposed director
  2. 2
    Name approvalRUN or SPICe+ Part A
  3. 3
    DocumentsMOA, AOA, office proof, KYC
  4. 4
    SPICe+ filingWith AGILE-PRO-S for GST, EPFO, ESIC, bank
  5. 5
    Certificate of IncorporationAlong with company PAN & TAN
  6. 6
    Bank account & capitalDeposit share capital
  7. 7
    INC-20ACommencement of business within 180 days
Free resource by D Startup Team · www.dstartupteam.inGeneral guidance only. Check current law before acting.
DStartup World

Funding stages, explained

Bootstrapping to IPO: what each stage means and what investors expect.

  1. BootstrappedFounders’ own money and early revenue
  2. Pre-seedFriends, family, angels, building the first version
  3. SeedAngels & seed funds, finding product-market fit
  4. Series AVCs, scaling what works
  5. Series B / CLarger VCs: expanding teams, markets, products
  6. Pre-IPOLate-stage & private equity
  7. IPOListing on a stock exchange
Free resource by D Startup Team · www.dstartupteam.inGeneral guidance only. Check current law before acting.
DStartup World

GST in one page

Who must register, which returns to file and the main rates.

0%0.25%3%5%18%40%
Registration threshold

₹40 lakh turnover for goods, ₹20 lakh for services (lower in special-category states). Compulsory for inter-state supply of goods and most e-commerce sellers.

Main returns

GSTR-1 (sales) and GSTR-3B (summary & tax): monthly, or quarterly under QRMP. GSTR-9 annual return.

Main rates

5% and 18% for most goods and services since 22 September 2025, with 40% for luxury and sin goods. 0.25% and 3% for special items.

Input tax credit

Claim GST paid on business purchases, only if the supplier has filed and it shows in GSTR-2B.

Free resource by D Startup Team · www.dstartupteam.inGeneral guidance only. Check current law before acting.
DStartup World

Annual compliance for a Pvt Ltd

The yearly cycle of meetings, audits and filings at a glance.

  1. Apr–JunClose books, MSME-1 / DPT-3 where applicable
  2. Jul–SepAudit, board meeting to approve accounts, DIR-3 KYC, AGM
  3. Oct–NovAOC-4 and MGT-7 / 7A filed after the AGM; income tax return
  4. Every quarterBoard meeting (small companies: twice a year), TDS returns, advance tax
  5. Every monthGST returns, TDS deposit, PF & ESI
Free resource by D Startup Team · www.dstartupteam.inGeneral guidance only. Check current law before acting.
DStartup World

Cap table & dilution

How a funding round changes who owns what, with a worked example.

Day 1
  • Founder A 60%
  • Founder B 40%
10% ESOP
  • Founder A 54%
  • Founder B 36%
  • ESOP pool 10%
Seed round
  • Founder A 43.2%
  • Founder B 28.8%
  • ESOP pool 8%
  • Investor 20%

Example: ₹1 crore invested at ₹4 crore pre-money = ₹5 crore post-money, so the investor gets 20% and everyone else is diluted by 20%.

Free resource by D Startup Team · www.dstartupteam.inGeneral guidance only. Check current law before acting.
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